Tomcat笔记2(启动脚本startup.bat分析)
Tomcat(7.0)的bin目录下包含startup.bat和catalina.bat，启动执行startup.bat之后，会在其中call catalina.bat执行。starup.bat:
rem 之前的声明省略 rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined rem 确定环境变量CATALINA_HOME 被定义 set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome cd .. set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"cd "%CURRENT_DIR%":gotHome if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly echo This environment variable is needed to run this program goto end :okHome set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" rem Check that target executable exists rem 定义执行目标文件赋值给变量EXECUTABLE if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"echo This file is needed to run this program goto end :okExec rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the rem 参数验证及格式转换 set CMD_LINE_ARGS= :setArgs if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1 shift goto setArgs :doneSetArgs rem 之前都是变量验证，格式检查，参数验证等预处理 rem 这一步才是核心 call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS% :end
之后调用catalian.bat文件，传入参数start，如果startup中包含参数也一并传入给catalina.
rem 验证系统版本Windwos_NT rem Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Home Server, rem Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7 are based on Windows NT, although they are not branded as Windows NT. if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server rem rem Environment Variable Prequisites rem rem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory. rem rem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions rem of a Catalina installation.If not present, resolves to rem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to. rem rem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", rem or "run" command is executed. rem rem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory rem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).Defaults to rem %CATALINA_BASE%\temp. rem rem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation. rem Required to run the with the "debug" argument. rem rem JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation. rem Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. rem rem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", rem "stop", or "run" command is executed. rem rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories rem containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs rem created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C). rem It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation. rem Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed. rem rem JPDA_TRANSPORT(Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"rem command is executed. The default is "dt_socket". rem rem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"rem command is executed. The default is 8000. rem rem JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"rem command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend rem execution immediately after startup. Default is "n". rem rem JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"rem command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS, rem and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda rem options MUST be specified. The default is: rem rem -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%, rem address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND% rem rem LOGGING_CONFIG(Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file rem Example (all one line) rem set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"rem rem LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager rem Example (all one line) rem set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"rem rem TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default rem TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified. rem Example (all one line) rem set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%] rem rem rem rem $Id: catalina.bat 947837 2010-05-24 22:19:23Z kkolinko $ rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+C if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry if ""%TEMP%"" == """" goto mainEntry if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"rem Use provided errorlevel set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL% del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1 exit /B %RETVAL% :mainEntry del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1 rem 设定CATALINA环境变量 rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome cd .. set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"cd "%CURRENT_DIR%":gotHome if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly echo This environment variable is needed to run this program goto end :okHome rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup, rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed. set CLASSPATH= rem 取得CATALINA环境变量 rem Get standard environment variables if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotSetenvHome if exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"goto gotSetenvBase :gotSetenvHome if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat":gotSetenvBase rem Get standard Java environment variables if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"echo This file is needed to run this program goto end :okSetclasspath set "BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%"call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1 if errorlevel 1 goto end rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random rem quotes into the CLASSPATH if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;":emptyClasspath set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar" if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%":gotBase if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp":gotTmpdir rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"goto juliClasspathDone :juliClasspathHome set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar":juliClasspathDone if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties":noJuliConfig set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG% if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager :noJuliManager set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER% rem ----- Execute The Requested Command --------------------------------------- echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"goto java_dir_displayed :use_jdk echo Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%":java_dir_displayed echo Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%" set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA% set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap set ACTION=start set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE= set DEBUG_OPTS= set JPDA= if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda set JPDA=jpda if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket :gotJpdaTransport if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000 :gotJpdaAddress if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend set JPDA_SUSPEND=n :gotJpdaSuspend if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND% :gotJpdaOpts shift :noJpda if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion rem 想到Linux下面的各种命令行的shell程序 很类似 echo Usage:catalina ( commands ... ) echo commands: echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger echo run Start Catalina in the current window echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager echo start Start Catalina in a separate window echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager echo stop Stop Catalina echo version What version of tomcat are you running? goto end rem 之前都是预处理，到这里才开始真正进行分支调用 :doDebug shift set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB% set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"goto execCmd :doRun shift if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"goto execCmd :doStart shift if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA% goto gotTitle :noTitle set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA% :gotTitle if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"goto execCmd :doStop shift set ACTION=stop set CATALINA_OPTS= goto execCmd :doVersion %_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo goto end :execCmd rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the set CMD_LINE_ARGS= :setArgs if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1 shift goto setArgs :doneSetArgs rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem rem Execute Java with the applicable properties rem 这里才是真正要执行的jvm命令 if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :end
其中，":label名"不代表一个过程，只是代表其本身一个程序点而已，原来总以为是个类似函数或者过程定义的东西，现在看来，它只代表自己而已，仅仅是告诉goto语句跳到这个点上。
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
这段代码才是jvm(对应java命令)执行的总命令行，其中传入了各种参数，即在startup.bat中调用catalina，根据传入命令(e.g. start..)选择对应入口，由于在之前已经设定好了环境变量，等各种参数检查(统称为预处理)，直到这里才是真正进行了jvm启动。
echo了一下，最终启动命令为:
start "Tomcat" "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_21\bin\java"-Djava.util.logging.config.file="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\conf\logging.properties" -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\endorsed" -classpath "D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\bin\bootstrap.jar;D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="" -Dcatalina.base="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build" -Dcatalina.home="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build" -Djava.io.tmpdir="D:\work_ju\tomcat7.0\output\build\temp" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrapstart
可以看到关于启动环境的各种具体配置。
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
bat中此处设定了jvm的虚拟机入口，即main函数，可以看到是交由Bootstrap类进行的，它被提供给classloader加载，并执行main()。
这也类似开源框架中的load-on-startup为1的servlet，交给servlet容器给予启动。而其init方法则可类比为main函数，只是main函数是交给虚拟机启动的，而init方法是交给servlet容器，通过java反射由servlet容器进行启动。
在tomcat的web.xml文件当中，定义load-on-startup的servlet是org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet，它只有一个子类，即WebdavServlet，根据规范，在init()方法中进行ServletContext和ServletConfig的初始化，service()起到一个选择doGet()，doPost()，doHead()等方法的分派作用，所以只在子类的WebdavServlet当中定义该方法，doGet(),doPost()的基础性工作都在父类DefaultServlet当中完成。
http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/335317/33f882ea-34ec-3838-b7c7-5636bebf6c4c.jpg
注：
1.CATALINA_BASE 定义：
#CATALINA_BASE
#(Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
#of a Catalina installation.If not present, resolves to
#the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
2.关于启动命令及参数：
在tomcat启动之后，也可以通过sun提供内存查看工具jconsole查看最终启动参数和各项内存情况。
http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/335319/9ee3f4c9-aef7-32ea-870f-96464feae4a9.jpg
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