L.A.M.P环境配置方法 for CentOS 5.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data本文测试环境为CentOS 5.0,如果使用Red Hat AS3/4则不能使用yum命令管理rpm包。
一．系统约定
软件源代码包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name
脚本以及维护程序存放位置 /usr/local/sbin
MySQL 数据库位置 /var/lib/mysql
Apache 网站根目录 /home/www/wwwroot
Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录 /home/www/logs
Apache 运行帐户 www:www
二．系统环境部署及调整
1．检查系统是否正常
# more /var/log/messages （检查有无系统级错误信息）
# dmesg （检查硬件设备是否有错误信息）
# ifconfig（检查网卡设置是否正确）
# ping www.163.com （检查网络是否正常）
2．关闭不需要的服务
# ntsysv
以下仅列出需要启动的服务，未列出的服务一律关闭：
atd
crond
irqbalance
microcode_ctl
network
sendmail
sshd
syslog
3．重新启动系统
# init 6
4．配置 vim
# vi /root/.bashrc
在 alias mv='mv -i' 下面添加一行：alias vi='vim' 保存退出。
# echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
5．使用yum程序安装所需软件包（以下为标准的RPM包名称）
# yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ flex bison autoconfautomake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devellibtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel
6．定时校正服务器时钟，定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行：
*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44
7．源代码编译安装所需包
(1) GD2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.libgd.org/releases/oldreleases/gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# tar xzvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.34
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install
(2) LibXML2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz
# tar xzvf libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz
# cd libxml2-2.6.29
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
(3) LibMcrypt
# cd /usr/local/src
#wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install
(4) Apache 日志截断程序
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# tar xzvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.6.2
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install
8．升级OpenSSL和OpenSSH
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# wget http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/openssh/portable/openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz
# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# cd openssl-0.9.8e
# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd ..
# tar xzvf openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-4.6p1
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr" \
"--with-pam" \
"--with-zlib" \
"--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" \
"--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-md5-passwords"
# make
# make install
（1）禁用 SSH V1 协议
找到：
#Protocol 2,1
改为：
Protocol 2
（2）禁止root直接登录
此处先建立一个普通系统用户：
# useradd username
# passwd username
找到：
#PermitRootLogin yes
改为：
PermitRootLogin no
（3）禁用服务器端GSSAPI
找到以下两行，并将它们注释：
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
（4）禁用 DNS 名称解析
找到：
#UseDNS yeas
改为：
UseDNS no
（5）禁用客户端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
找到：
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
将这行注释掉。
最后，确认修改正确后重新启动 SSH 服务
# service sshd restart
# ssh -v
确认 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正确。
三、编译安装L.A.M.P环境
1. 下载软件
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2
# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz
# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.2.3.tar.bz2
#wget http://downloads.phpchina.com/zend/optimizer/3.3.0/ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
2. 编译安装MySQL
# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.27
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql" \ （注意：/var 分区是否适合？）
"--with-comment=Source" \
"--with-server-suffix=-Comsenz" \
"--with-mysqld-user=mysql" \
"--without-debug" \
"--with-big-tables" \
"--with-charset=" \ （此处设置MySQL默认字符集）
"--with-collation= " \ （此处设置MySQL校正字符集）
"--with-extra-charsets=all" \
"--with-pthread" \
"--enable-static" \
"--enable-thread-safe-client" \
"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--enable-assembler" \
"--without-isam" \
"--without-innodb" \
"--without-ndb-debug"
# make
# make install
# useradd mysql
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root:mysql .
# chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql
# cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig –level 3 mysqld on
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
# bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password_for_root'
3. 编译安装Apache
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.4
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" \
"--with-included-apr" \
"--enable-so" \
"--enable-deflate=shared" \
"--enable-expires=shared" \
"--enable-rewrite=shared" \
"--enable-static-support" \
"--disable-userdir"
# make
# make install
# echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >> /etc/rc.local
4. 编译安装PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.3.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.3
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" \
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \
"--with-jpeg-dir" \
"--with-png-dir" \
"--with-bz2" \
"--with-freetype-dir" \
"--with-iconv-dir" \
"--with-zlib-dir " \
"--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" \
"--enable-soap" \
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
"--enable-memory-limit" \
"--enable-ftp" \
"--enable-mbstring" \
"--enable-exif" \
"--disable-ipv6" \
"--disable-cgi" \
"--disable-cli"
# make
# make install
# mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5. 安装Zend Optimizer
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
# ./ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386/install.sh
安装Zend Optimizer过程的最后不要选择重启Apache。
6. 整合Apache与PHP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到：
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在该行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到：
DirectoryIndex index.html
将该行改为
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
找到：
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的“#”号，取消注释。
注意：以上 4 个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置！
修改完成后保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
7. 查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
在网站根目录放置 phpinfo.php 脚本，检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。
#vi phpinfo.php
<!----> phpinfo();
?>
确认 PHP 能够正常工作后，在 php.ini 中进行设置提升 PHP 安全性。
# vi /etc/php.ini
找到：
disable_functions =
设置为：
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,error_log,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,leak,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
三、服务器安全性设置
1. 设置系统防火墙
# touch /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
将以下脚本命令粘贴到 fw.sh 文件中。
#!/bin/bash
# Stop iptables service first
service iptables stop
# Load FTP Kernel modules
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
# Inital chains default policy
/sbin/iptables -F -t filter
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Enable Native Network Transfer
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# Accept Established Connections
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# ICMP Control
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT
# WWW Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# FTP Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# SSH Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
# echo '/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh' >> /etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
比较方便的安装mysql：
2) 安装MySQL
查看分析你的CPU型号:
http://gentoo-wiki.com/Safe_Cflags 查找您的GCC编译参数.
确定系统CPU类型：
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name"
执行后会看到系统中CPU的具体型号，记下CPU型号。
# tar xvf mysql-5.0.51b.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.51b
# vi mysql.sh
<div class="blockcode"> 1. -------------------cut begin------------------------------------------- 2. CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 3. CFLAGS="-march=prescott -O2 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" 4. CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}" 5. ./configure \ 6. "--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" \ 7. "--localstatedir=/data/mysql/data" \ 8. "--with-comment=Source" \ 9. "--with-server-suffix=-LinuxTone" \10. "--with-mysqld-user=mysql" \11. "--without-debug" \12. "--with-big-tables" \13. "--with-charset=gbk" \14. "--with-collation=gbk_chinese_ci" \15. "--with-extra-charsets=all" \16. "--with-pthread" \17. "--enable-static" \18. "--enable-thread-safe-client" \19. "--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \20. "--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" \21. "--enable-assembler" \22. "--without-isam" \23. "--without-innodb" \24. "--without-ndb-debug"25. make && make install26. mkdir -p /data/mysql/data27. useradd mysql -d /data/mysql -s /sbin/nologin28. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql29. cd /usr/local/mysql30. chown -R root:mysql .31. chown -R mysql /data/mysql/data32. cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf33. cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld34. chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld35. chkconfig --add mysqld36. /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start37.38. cd /usr/local/mysql/bin39. for i in *; do ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/$i /usr/bin/$i; done40.41. -------------------cut end---------------------------------------------
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