集群LVS+GFS+ISCSI+TOMCAT
LVS是中国人发起的项目，真是意外呀!大家可以看http://www.douzhe.com/linuxtips/1665.html我是从最初的HA(高可用性)开始的，别人的例子是用VMWARE，可以做试验但不能实际应用，我又没有光纤卡的ShareStorage，于是就选用ISCSI，成功后又发现ISCSI+EXT3不能用于LVS，倒最后发现GFS可用，我最终成功配成可实际应用的LVS，前后断断续续花了四个月，走了很多弯路。我花了三天时间写下这篇文章，希望对大家有用。
这里要感谢linuxfans.org、linuxsir.com、chinaunix.com以及其它很多网站，很多资料都是从他们的论坛上找到的。参考文档及下载点
a.http://www.gyrate.org/misc/gfs.txt
b.http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/RHEL-3-Manual/cluster-suite/index.html
http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/csgfs/admin-guide/index.html
c.ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/updates/enterprise/3ES/en/RHGFS/SRPMS
d.http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/caoslinux/centos/3.1/contrib/i386/RPMS/
LVS结构图： eth0=10.3.1.101 eth0:1=10.3.1.254 Load Balance Router eth1=192.168.1.71 eth1:1=192.168.1.1 | | | | Real1 Real2 eth0=192.168.1.68eth0=192.168.1.67 (eth0 gateway=192.168.1.1) eth1=192.168.0.1---eth1=192.168.0.2 (双机互联线) | | GFS ISCSI Share storage eth0=192.168.1.1241.Setup ISCSI Server
Server: PIII 1.4,512M, Dell 1650,Redhat 9,IP=192.168.1.124
从http://iscsitarget.sourceforge.net/下载ISCSI TARGET的Source code
(http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=108475&package_id=117141)
我选了iscsitarget-0.3.8.tar.gz,要求kernel 2.4.29
从kernel.org下载kernel 2.4.29,解开编译重启后编译安装iscsitarget-0.3.8：
#make KERNELSRC=/usr/src/linux-2.4.29
#make KERNELSRC=/usr/src/linux-2.4.29 install
#cp ietd.conf /etc
#vi /etc/ietd.conf
# Example iscsi target configuration## Everything until the first target definition belongs# to the global configuration.# Right now this is only the user configuration used# during discovery sessions:# Users, who can access this target# (no users means anyone can access the target)User iscsiuser 1234567890abcTarget iqn.2005-04.com.my:storage.disk2.sys1.iraw1 User iscsiuser 1234567890abc Lun 0 /dev/sda5 fileio Alias iraw1Target iqn.2005-04.com.my:storage.disk2.sys1.iraw2 User iscsiuser 1234567890abc Lun 1 /dev/sda6 fileio Alias iraw2Target iqn.2005-04.com.my:storage.disk2.sys2.idisk User iscsiuser 1234567890abc Lun 2 /dev/sda3 fileio Alias idiskTarget iqn.2005-04.com.my:storage.disk2.sys2.icca User iscsiuser 1234567890abc Lun 3 /dev/sda7 fileio Alias icca
说明：password 长度必须不小于12个字符, Alias是别名, 不知为何这个别名在Client端显示不出来.
分区：我只有一个SCSI盘，所以：
/dev/sda3: Share storage,容量越大越好/dev/sda5: raw1, 建Cluster要的rawdevice, 我给了900M/dev/sda6: raw2, 建Cluster要的rawdevice, 我给了900M/dev/sda7: cca, 建GFS要的,我给了64M(/dev/sda4是Extended分区,在其中建了sda5,6,7)
#Reboot，用service iscsi-target start启ISCSI server(我觉得比建议的好，可以
用service iscsi-target status看状态)
2.Setup ISCSI Client(on two real server)
Server: PIII 1.4,512M, Dell 1650,Redhat AS3U4(用AS3U5更好),2.4.21-27.EL
#vi /etc/iscsi.conf
DiscoveryAddress=192.168.1.124OutgoingUsername=iscsiuserOutgoingPassword=1234567890abcUsername=iscsiuserPassword=1234567890abcLoginTimeout=15IncomingUsername=iscsiuserIncomingPassword=1234567890abcSendAsyncTest=yes
#service iscsi restart
#iscsi-ls -l
..., 精简如下:
/dev/sdb:iraw2
/dev/sdc:iraw1
/dev/sdd:idisk
/dev/sde:icca
注意: 在real server中ISCSI device的顺序很重要，两个real server中一定要一样，如不一样
就改ISCSI Server中的设置，多试几次
3.Install Redhat Cluster suite
先下载Cluster Suite的ISO, AS3的我是从ChinaUnix.net找到的下载点, 安装clumanager和
redhat-config-cluster。没有Cluster Suite的ISO也没关系，从
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/updates/enterprise/3ES/en/RHCS/SRPMS/下载
clumanager-1.2.xx.src.rpm,redhat-config-cluster-1.0.x.src.rpm,编译后安装，应该更好:
#rpm -Uvh clumanager-1.2.26.1-1.src.rpm
#rpmbuild -bs /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/clumanager.spec
#rpmbuild --rebuild --target i686 /usr/src/redhat/SRPMS/clumanager-1.2.26.1-1.src.rpm
还有redhat-config-cluster-1.0.x.src.rpm，也装好
4.Setup Cluster as HA module
详细步骤我就不写了，网上有很多文章，我也是看了别人的文章学会的，不过人家是用VMWARE，
而我是用真的机子+ISCSI，raw device就是/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc, 然后就
mount /dev/sdd /u01, mkfs.ext3 /u01 ......
设好后会发现ISCSI有问题：同时只能有一个Client联接写盘，如果
两个Client同时联ISCSI的Share Storge,一个Client写，另一个Client是看不到的，而且此时文
件系统已经破坏了，Client重联ISCSI时会发现文件是坏的，用fsck也修复不了。
ISCSI真的是鸡肋吗？
NO！从GOOGLE上我终于查到ISCSI只有用Cluster File System才能真正用于Share Storage!
而Redhat买下的GFS就是一个!
5.Setup GFS on ISCSI
GFS只有Fedora Core4才自带了，而GFS又一定要用到Cluster Suite产生的/etc/cluster.xml文件，
我没见FC4有Cluster Suite,真不知Redhat给FC4带GFS干嘛，馋人吗？
好，闲话少说，下载：c处的GFS-6.0.2.20-2.src.rpm， 按a处的gfs.txt编译安装，不过关于
cluster.ccs,fence.ccs,nodes.ccs的设置没说，看b的文档，我总算弄出来了，都存在
/root/cluster下，存在别的地方也行，不过我不知道有没有错，我没有光纤卡，文档又没讲ISCSI
的例子，不过GFS能启动的。
#cat cluster.ccs
cluster { name = "Cluster_1" lock_gulm { servers = ["cluster1", "cluster2"] heartbeat_rate = 0.9 allowed_misses = 10 }}
注：name就是Cluster Suite设置的Cluster name, servers就是Cluster member的Hostname，别忘
了加进/etc/hosts;allowed_misses我开始设为1，结果跑二天GFS就会死掉，改为10就没死过了。
#cat fence.ccs
fence_devices{ admin { agent = "fence_manual" }}
#cat nodes.ccs
nodes { cluster1 { ip_interfaces { hsi0 = "192.168.0.1" } fence { human { admin { ipaddr = "192.168.0.1" } } } } cluster2 { ip_interfaces { hsi0 = "192.168.0.2" } fence { human { admin { ipaddr = "192.168.0.2" } } } }}
注：ip就是心跳线的ip
这三个文件建在/root/cluster下，先建立Cluster Configuration System：
a.#vi /etc/gfs/pool0.cfg
poolname pool0
minor 1 subpools 1
subpool 0 8 1 gfs_data
pooldevice 0 0 /dev/sde1
b.#pool_assemble -a pool0
c.#ccs_tool create /root/cluster /dev/pool/pool0
d.#vi /etc/sysconfig/gfs
CCS_ARCHIVE="/dev/pool/pool0"
再Creating a Pool Volume，就是我们要的共享磁盘啦，
a.#vi /etc/gfs/pool1.cfg
poolname pool1
minor 2 subpools 1
subpool 0 128 1 gfs_data
pooldevice 0 0 /dev/sdd1
b.#pool_assemble -a pool1
c.#gfs_mkfs -p lock_gulm -t Cluster_1:gfs1 -j 8 /dev/pool/pool1
d.#mount -t gfs -o noatime /dev/pool/pool1 /u01
下面是个GFS的启动脚本，注意real1和real2必须同时启动lock_gulmd进程，第一台lock_gulmd
会成为Server并等Client的lock_gulmd，几十秒后没有响应会fail，GFS启动失败。Redhat建议
GFS盘不要写进/etc/fstab。
#cat gfstart.sh
#!/bin/shdepmod -amodprobe poolmodprobe lock_gulmmodprobe gfssleep 5service iscsi startsleep 20service rawdevices restartpool_assemble -a pool0pool_assemble -a pool1service ccsd startservice lock_gulmd startmount -t gfs /dev/pool/pool1 /s02 -o noatimeservice gfs status6. Setup Linux LVS
LVS是章文嵩博士发起和领导的优秀的集群解决方案，许多商业的集群产品，比如RedHat的Piranha，Turbolinux公司的Turbo Cluster等，都是基于LVS的核心代码的。
我的系统是RedhatAS3U4，就用Piranha了。从rhel-3-u5-rhcs-i386.iso安装piranha-0.7.10-2.i386.rpm,ipvsadm-1.21-9.ipvs108.i386.rpm(http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/caoslinux/centos/3.1/contrib/i386/RPMS/)装完后service httpd start & service piranha-guistart，就可以从http://xx.xx.xx.xx:3636管理或设置了，当然了，手工改/etc/sysconfig/ha/lvs.cf也一样。
#cat /etc/sysconfig/ha/lvs.cf
serial_no = 80primary = 10.3.1.101service = lvsrsh_command = sshbackup_active = 0backup = 0.0.0.0heartbeat = 1heartbeat_port = 1050keepalive = 6deadtime = 18network = natnat_router = 192.168.1.1 eth1:1nat_nmask = 255.255.255.0reservation_conflict_action = preemptdebug_level = NONEvirtual lvs1 { active = 1 address = 10.3.1.254 eth0:1 vip_nmask = 255.255.255.0 fwmark = 100 port = 80 persistent = 60 pmask = 255.255.255.255 send = "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n" expect = "HTTP" load_monitor = ruptime scheduler = wlc protocol = tcp timeout = 6 reentry = 15 quiesce_server = 1 server Real1 { address = 192.168.1.68 active = 1 weight = 1 } server Real2 { address = 192.168.1.67 active = 1 weight = 1 }}virtual lvs2 { active = 1 address = 10.3.1.254 eth0:1 vip_nmask = 255.255.255.0 port = 21 send = "\n" use_regex = 0 load_monitor = ruptime scheduler = wlc protocol = tcp timeout = 6 reentry = 15 quiesce_server = 0 server ftp1 { address = 192.168.1.68 active = 1 weight = 1 } server ftp2 { address = 192.168.1.67 active = 1 weight = 1 }}
设置完后service pulse start, 别忘了把相关的client加进/etc/hosts
#iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 10.3.1.254/32 --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 100
#iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 10.3.1.254/32 --dport 443 -j MARK --set-mark 100
#iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -p tcp -s 10.3.1.0/24 --sport 20 -j MASQUERADE
运行以上三行命令并存入/etc/rc.d/rc.local，用ipvsadm看状态：
#ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.0.8 (size=65536)Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConnTCP10.3.1.254:ftp wlc-> cluster2:ftp Masq 1 0 0-> cluster1:ftp Masq 1 0 0FWM100 wlc persistent 60-> cluster1:0 Masq 1 0 0-> cluster2:0 Masq 1 0 0
注意：a.Firewall Mark可以不要，我反正是加了，文档说有https的话加上，值我选了100，
b.Virtual IP别加进/etc/hosts，我上过当，80端口时有时无的，
c.eth0:1,eth1:1是piranha产生的，别自己手工设置，我干过这画蛇添足的事，网上有
些帖子没说清，最后是看Redhat的文档才弄清楚的。
d.The LVS router can monitor the load on the various real servers by using
either rup or ruptime. If you select rupfrom the drop-down menu, each real
server must run the rstatd service. If you select ruptime, each real server
must run the rwhod service.Redhat的原话，就是如选rup的监控模式real server上
都要运行rstatd进程，如选ruptime就要运行rwhod进程。
e.Real Server同Router相联的网卡的Gateway必须是Router的那块网卡的VIP，举本例：
Router的eth1同两个real server的eth0相联，如VIP eth1:1=192.168.1.1，则real
server 的eth0的Gateway=192.168.1.1
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
7.Setup TOMCAT5.59+JDK1.5(用Redhat自带的Apache)
a.#tar xzvf jakarta-tomcat-5.5.9.tar.gz
#mv jakarta-tomcat-5.5.9 /usr/local
#ln -s /usr/local/jakarta-tomcat-5.5.9 /usr/local/tomcat
b.#jdk-1_5_0_04-linux-i586.bin
#mv jdk1.5.0_4 /usr/java
#ln -s /usr/java/jdk1.5.0_4 /usr/java/jdk
c.#vi /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
d.#vi /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
if ! echo ${PATH} | grep "/usr/java/jdk/bin" ; thenJAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdkexport JAVA_HOMEexport PATH=/usr/java/jdk/bin:${PATH}export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/libfi
e.#chmod 755 /etc/profile.d/*.sh
f.重新用root登录，让tomcat.sh和jdk.sh起作用，
#tar xzvf jakarta-tomcat-connectors-jk2-src-current.tar.gz
#cd jakarta-tomcat-connectors-jk2-2.0.4-src/jk/native2/
#./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/sbin/apxs --with-jni --with-apr-lib=/usr/lib
#make
#libtool --finish /usr/lib/httpd/modules
#cp ../build/jk2/apache2/mod_jk2.so ../build/jk2/apache2/libjkjni.so /usr/lib/httpd/modules/
g.#vi /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh
在# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set后加上以下两行：
serverRoot=/etc/httpd
export serverRoot
h.#vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/jk2.properties
serverRoot=/etc/httpd
apr.NativeSo=/usr/lib/httpd/modules/libjkjni.so
apr.jniModeSo=/usr/lib/httpd/modules/mod_jk2.so
i.#vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml,
在前加上以下几行，建了两个VirtualPath：myjsp和local，一个指向share storage，一个指向real server本地
j.#vi /etc/httpd/conf/workers2.properties
##level=DEBUGfile=/var/log/httpd/shm.filesize=1048576tomcatId=localhost:8009keepalive=1info=Ajp13 forwarding over socketchannel=channel.socket:localhost:8009info=Status worker, displays runtime informationsworker=ajp13:localhost:8009context=/
k.#vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
改:DocumentRoot "/u01/www"
加：
在LoadModule最后加：
LoadModule jk2_module modules/mod_jk2.so
JkSet config.file /etc/httpd/conf/workers2.properties
在#之前加：
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
l:#mkdir /u01/ftproot
#mkdir /u01/www
#mkdir /u01/www/myjsp
m:在每个real server上生成index.jsp
#vi /var/www/html/index.jsp
<%@ page import="java.util.*,java.sql.*,java.text.*" contentType="text/html"
%>
<%
out.println("test page on real server 1");
%>
在real server2上就是"test page on real server 2"
n:下载jdbc Driver
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/tech/java/sqlj_jdbc/htdocs/jdbc9201.html
可惜只有for JDK1.4的,在两台real server上分别
#cp -R /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/webdav/WEB-INF /u01/www/myjsp
#cp ojdbc14.jar ojdbc14_g.jar ocrs12.zip /u01/www/myjsp/WEB-INF/lib
o: 假设我有一台OracleServer，ip=10.3.1.211,sid=MYID,username=my,password=1234,
并有Oracle的例子employees的read权限,或干脆把这个table拷过来,我是Oracle9i中的
#vi /u01/www/myjsp/testoracle.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html" %>;<%@ page import="java.sql.*"%>;<?xml version="1.0"?>;<html">;<head>;<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" />;<title>;Test ORACLE Employees</title>;</head>;<body>;<% String OracleDBDriver="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"; String DBUrl="jdbc:oracle:thin:@10.3.1.211:1521:MYID"; String UserID="my"; String UserPWD="1234"; Connection conn=null; Statementstmt=null; ResultSetrs=null; try { Class.forName(OracleDBDriver); } catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) { System.out.println("Class.forname:"+ex); } conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DBUrl,UserID,UserPWD); stmt=conn.createStatement(); String sql="select * from EMPLOYEES"; rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); out.print("<table border>;"); out.print("<tr>;"); out.print("<th width=100>;"+"EMPLOYEE_ID"); out.print("<th width=50>;"+"FIRST_NAME"); out.print("<th width=50>;"+"LAST_NAME"); out.print("<th width=50>;"+"EMAIL"); out.print("<th width=50>;"+"PHONE_NUMBER"); out.print("<th width=50>;"+"HIRE_DATE"); out.print("<th width=50>;"+"JOB_ID"); out.print("<tr>;"); try { while(rs.next()) { out.print("<tr>;"); int n=rs.getInt(1); out.print("<td>;"+n+"</td>;"); String e=rs.getString(2); out.print("<td>;"+e+"</td>;"); //String e=rs.getString(3); out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(3)+"</td>;"); out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(4)+"</td>;"); out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(5)+"</td>;"); out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(6)+"</td>;"); out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(7)+"</td>;"); out.print("</tr>;"); } } catch(SQLException ex) { System.err.println("ConnDB.Main:"+ex.getMessage()); } out.print("</table>;"); rs.close(); stmt.close(); conn.close();%>;</body>;</html>;
p:#vi /u01/www/index.html
<HTML><HEAD><META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="10 URL=http://10.3.1.254/myjsp/testoracle.jsp"></HEAD><BODY><a href="http://10.3.1.254/local/index.jsp">;WEB Local</a><p><a href="http://10.3.1.254/myjsp/testoracle.jsp">;Test Oracle WEB</a></BODY></HTML>
q:在两台real server上分别
#vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
加下面一行，允许页面管理：
r:在两台real server上分别
#service httpd restart
#/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
s:打开http://1092.168.1.68:8080和http://1092.168.1.67:8080，选Tomcat Manager，用
manager/tomcat登录，虚拟目录/myjsp和/local应该Start了
在两台机子上分别打开网页http://10.3.1.254，选WEB Local，可以看到一台显示：
"test page on real server 1"，另一台为"test page on real server 2",同时在Router上
ipvsadm可以看到每个real server的联接数
8.设置FTP服务
#vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftp.conf，在两台real server上分别加入以下几行：
anon_root=/u01/ftprootlocal_root=/u01/ftprootsetproctitle_enable=YES
#service vsftpd start
现在LVM+GFS+ISCSI+TOMCAT就设置好了，我们可以用ApacheJmeter来测试LVM的性能，两台机子上分别运行jmeter，都指向10.3.1.254/myjsp/testoracle.jsp，各200个threads同时运行，在Router上用ipvsadm可以监控，OracleServer的性能可要好，否则大量的http进程会hang在real server上，ipvsadm也会显示有个realserver失去了。测试时real server的CPU idle会降到70%，而Router的CPU idle几乎不动。
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