Flash/Flex学习笔记(36)：碰撞检测

madfroghe

碰撞检测基本上可能分为二类：对象与对象的碰撞检测、对象与点的碰撞检测
为了方便测试，先写一个box类(生成一个小矩形)

package {

import flash.display.Sprite;
public class Box extends Sprite {
 
private var w:Number;
 
private var h:Number;
 
private var color:uint;
 
public var vx:Number=0;
 
public var vy:Number=0;
 
public function Box(width:Number=50, height:Number=50, color:uint=0xff0000) {
 
w=width;
h=height;
 
this.color=color;
 
init();
 
}
 
public function init():void {
 
graphics.beginFill(color);

graphics.drawRect(-w / 2, -h / 2, w, h);
 
graphics.endFill();

}
 
}
 
}
最基本的对象碰撞检测：hitTestObject
package {
 
import flash.display.Sprite;
 
import flash.events.Event;
 
public class Boxes extends Sprite {

private var box:Box;

private var boxes:Array;
 
private var gravity:Number=0.1;
 
public function Boxes() {

init();
 
}
 
private function init():void {
 
boxes = new Array();
 
createBox();
 
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame);
 
}

private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void {
 
box.vy+=gravity;
 
box.y+=box.vy;
 
//如果物体下落到了舞台(最下)边界，则再造一个出来往下掉
 
if (box.y+box.height/2>stage.stageHeight) {
 
box.y=stage.stageHeight-box.height/2;
 
createBox();
 
} else{
 
for (var i:uint = 0; i < boxes.length; i++) {
 
//每个正在下掉的物体与其它物体做(矩形)碰撞检测
 
if (box!=boxes&&box.hitTestObject(boxes)) {
 
box.y=boxes.y-boxes.height/2-box.height/2;
 
//堆到顶了，则停止

if (box.y<=box.height/2){
 
removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,onEnterFrame);
 
} else{
 
createBox();

}
 
}
 
}
 
}
 
}
 
private function createBox():void {
 
box=new Box(Math.random()*40+10,Math.random()*40+10,Math.random()*0xffffff);
 
box.x=Math.random()*stage.stageWidth;

addChild(box);

boxes.push(box);
 
}
}
 
}
如果把Box换成前面例子中的Ball，就是下面这个样子：
很明显：矩形换成球后，碰撞检测变得不精确了，有一些球似乎并没有真正撞到其它球也停下来了，这是为什么腻?


答案就在于：Flash对象碰撞检测默认采用“对象的矩形边界”做为检测依据。上面二张图演示了这一细节：第一张图虽然肉眼看上去只有二个矩形相交了，但是在Flash看来，其实每对图形都碰到了(第二张图)，所以大家应该也能明白为啥换成球后，有些球会浮在空中了。
对象与点的碰撞检测：hitTestPoint
package {
 
import flash.display.Sprite;
 
import flash.events.Event;
 
import flash.text.TextField;
 
public class PointHitTest extends Sprite {
 
private var ball:Ball;
 
private var box:Box;
 
private var txt:TextField = new TextField();

public function PointHitTest() {
 
init();
 
}
 
private function init():void {

ball=new Ball;
 
addChild(ball);
 
ball.x=stage.stageWidth/2;
 
ball.y=stage.stageHeight/2;
 
box = new Box(90,90);
 
addChild(box);
 
box.x = 100;
 
box.y = ball.y;
 
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);
 
addChild(txt);
 
txt.selectable = false;
 
}
 
private function EnterFrameHandler(event:Event):void {
 
if (ball.hitTestPoint(mouseX,mouseY) || box.hitTestPoint(mouseX,mouseY)) {
 
txt.text = "碰到了!";
 
} else{
 
txt.text = "";

}
 
txt.x = mouseX + 15;
 
txt.y = mouseY;
 
}
 
}
 
}
用鼠标在二个物体上划过，会看到鼠标所在点与矩形及小球的碰撞检测结果，同样这里也存在一个问题：对于小球而言，默认也是采用矩形边界检测的，所以鼠标移到小球的边角时，虽然还没碰到球，也提示"碰到了"，还好Flash提供了一个可选参数，以改进检测的精确度，只要把hitTestPoint第三个可选参数设置为true即可
if (ball.hitTestPoint(mouseX,mouseY) || box.hitTestPoint(mouseX,mouseY,true)) {
基于距离的检测：即检测二个物体的中心点距离是否低于最小距离
var ball_1:Ball=new Ball(70,0xff0000);

var ball_2:Ball=new Ball(70,0x0000ff);
 
ball_1.x=stage.stageWidth/2;
 
ball_1.y=stage.stageHeight/2;
 
ball_2.x=stage.stageWidth/2;
 
ball_2.y=stage.stageHeight/2;
 
ball_1.vx = Math.random()*20 - 20;

ball_1.vy = Math.random()*20 - 20;
 
ball_2.vx = Math.random()*20 - 20;
 
ball_2.vy = Math.random()*20 - 20;
 
addChild(ball_1);

addChild(ball_2);

addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);
 
function EnterFrameHandler(e:Event):void {
 
ball_1.x+=ball_1.vx;
 
ball_1.y+=ball_1.vy;

ball_2.x+=ball_2.vx;
 
ball_2.y+=ball_2.vy;

CheckBoundary(ball_1);
 
CheckBoundary(ball_2);
 
var dx:Number=ball_1.x-ball_2.x;

var dy:Number=ball_1.y-ball_2.y;
 
var dist:Number=Math.sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
 
if (dist<(ball_1.radius + ball_2.radius)) {
 
var angle:Number=Math.atan2(dy,dx);
 
ball_1.vx=dist*Math.cos(angle)*0.1;
 
ball_1.vy=dist*Math.sin(angle)*0.1;
 
ball_2.vx=dist*Math.cos(angle)*-0.1;
 
ball_2.vy=dist*Math.sin(angle)*-0.1;
 
}
 
}
 
function CheckBoundary(b:Ball) {
 
if (b.x>stage.stageWidth-b.width/2||b.x<=b.width/2) {

b.x-=b.vx;

b.vx*=-1;
 
}
 
if (b.y>stage.stageHeight-b.height/2||b.y<=b.height/2) {
 
b.y-=b.vy;
 
b.vy*=-1;
 
}
 
}
很明显，这种方法对于圆形物体是十分精确的，但对于非规则形状，只能近似检测.
如果结合上二篇提到的弹性运动，可以做出更复杂的动画：
 
package {
 
import flash.display.Sprite;

import flash.events.Event;
public class Bubbles extends Sprite {
private var balls:Array;

private var numBalls:Number=10;
 
private var centerBall:Ball;
 
private var bounce:Number=-1;

private var spring:Number=0.2;
 
public function Bubbles() {

init();
 
}
 
private function init():void {
 
balls=new Array ;
 
centerBall=new Ball(100,0xcccccc);
 
addChild(centerBall);
 
centerBall.x=stage.stageWidth/2;

centerBall.y=stage.stageHeight/2;
 
for (var i:uint=0; i<numBalls; i++) {

var ball:Ball=new Ball(Math.random()*40+5,Math.random()*0xffffff);

ball.x=Math.random()*stage.stageWidth;
 
ball.y=Math.random()*stage.stageHeight;

ball.vx=(Math.random()*2-1)*10;
 
ball.vy=(Math.random()*2-1)*10;
 
addChild(ball);
 
balls.push(ball);
 
}
 
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,onEnterFrame);
 
}
 
private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void {
 
for (var i:uint=0; i<numBalls; i++) {

var ball:Ball=balls;
 
move(ball);
 
var dx:Number=ball.x-centerBall.x;
 
var dy:Number=ball.y-centerBall.y;
 
var dist:Number=Math.sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
 
var minDist:Number=ball.radius+centerBall.radius;
 
if (dist<minDist) {
 
var angle:Number=Math.atan2(dy,dx);
 
var tx:Number=centerBall.x+Math.cos(angle)*minDist;//弹性运动的目标点x坐标
 
var ty:Number=centerBall.y+Math.sin(angle)*minDist;//弹性运动的目标点y坐标
 
ball.vx+=(tx-ball.x)*spring;
 
ball.vy+=(ty-ball.y)*spring;
 
}
 
}
 
}
 
private function move(ball:Ball):void {
 
ball.x+=ball.vx;
 
ball.y+=ball.vy;
 
if (ball.x+ball.radius>stage.stageWidth) {
 
ball.x=stage.stageWidth-ball.radius;
 
ball.vx*=bounce;

} else if (ball.x-ball.radius<0) {
 
ball.x=ball.radius;
 
ball.vx*=bounce;

}

if (ball.y+ball.radius>stage.stageHeight) {
 
ball.y=stage.stageHeight-ball.radius;
 
ball.vy*=bounce;
 
} else if (ball.y-ball.radius<0) {
 
ball.y=ball.radius;
 
ball.vy*=bounce;

}
 
}

}
 
}
原理图：

多物体基于距离的碰撞检测：
package {

import flash.display.Sprite;
 
import flash.events.Event;
 
public class Bubbles2 extends Sprite {
 
private var balls:Array;
 
private var numBalls:Number=20;
 
private var bounce:Number=-0.9;
 
private var spring:Number=0.2;
 
private var gravity:Number=1;
 
public function Bubbles2() {
 
init();
 
}

private function init():void {
 
balls = new Array();
 
for (var i:uint = 0; i < numBalls; i++) {
 
var ball:Ball=new Ball(Math.random()*30+20,Math.random()*0xffffff);
 
ball.x=Math.random()*stage.stageWidth;
 
ball.y=Math.random()*stage.stageHeight;
 
ball.vx=Math.random()*6-3;
 
ball.vy=Math.random()*6-3;
 
addChild(ball);

balls.push(ball);
 
}

addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame);

}

private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void {
 
for (var i:uint = 0; i < numBalls - 1; i++) {
 
var ball0:Ball=balls;
 
for (var j:uint = i + 1; j < numBalls; j++) {
 
var ball1:Ball=balls[j];                    

var dx:Number=ball1.x-ball0.x;
 
var dy:Number=ball1.y-ball0.y;

var dist:Number=Math.sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
 
var minDist:Number=ball0.radius+ball1.radius;
 
if (dist<minDist) {
 
/*
 
var angle:Number=Math.atan2(dy,dx);
 
var tx:Number=ball0.x+Math.cos(angle)*minDist;
 
var ty:Number=ball0.y+Math.sin(angle)*minDist;
 
*/
 
var tx:Number=ball0.x + (dx/dist)*minDist;

var ty:Number=ball0.y + (dy/dist)*minDist;

var ax:Number = (tx - ball1.x) * spring;
 
var ay:Number = (ty - ball1.y) * spring;
 
ball0.vx-=ax;

ball0.vy-=ay;
 
ball1.vx+=ax;
 
ball1.vy+=ay;

}
 
}
 
}
 
for (i = 0; i < numBalls; i++) {
 
var ball:Ball=balls;
 
move(ball);
 
}
 
}
 
private function move(ball:Ball):void {
 
ball.vy+=gravity;
 
ball.x+=ball.vx;

ball.y+=ball.vy;
 
if (ball.x+ball.radius>stage.stageWidth) {
 
ball.x=stage.stageWidth-ball.radius;
 
ball.vx*=bounce;
 
} else if (ball.x - ball.radius < 0) {
 
ball.x=ball.radius;
 
ball.vx*=bounce;
 
}
 
if (ball.y+ball.radius>stage.stageHeight) {
 
ball.y=stage.stageHeight-ball.radius;

ball.vy*=bounce;
 
} else if (ball.y - ball.radius < 0) {
 
ball.y=ball.radius;
 
ball.vy*=bounce;

}
 
}
 
}

}