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1.软件环境准备
Apache: apache2.2
Tomcat: apache-tomcat-6.0.29 (zip版) 2个
mod_jk: mod_jk-apache-2.2.4.so
第一部分:负载均衡
负载均衡,就是apache将客户请求均衡的分给tomcat1,tomcat2....去处理
1.安装apache,tomcat
我的安装路径:
D:\ide\Apache2.2
D:\ide\webServer\tomcat_1
D:\ide\webServer\tomcat_2
2.安装mod_jk.so
把mod_jk.so复制到D:\ide\Apache2.2\modules目录下。
3.修改Apache配置文件D:\Apache2.2\conf\httpd.conf
在文件最后加上下面一句话就可以了
Include conf/mod_jk.conf
4.httpd.conf 同目录下新建mod_jk.conf文件,内容如下:
#加载mod_jk Module
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk-apache-2.2.4.so
#指定 workers.properties文件路径
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
#指定那些请求交给tomcat处理,"controller"为在workers.propertise里指定的负载分配控制器
JkMount /*.jsp controller
#指定jk的日志输出文件
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
#指定日志级别
JkLogLevel warn
5.在http.conf同目录下新建 workers.properties文件,内容如下
worker.list = controller,tomcat1,tomcat2 #server 列表
#========tomcat1========
worker.tomcat1.port=8009 #ajp13 端口号,在tomcat下server.xml配置,默认8009
worker.tomcat1.host=localhost #tomcat的主机地址,如不为本机,请填写ip地址
worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat1.lbfactor = 1 #server的加权比重,值越高,分得的请求越多
#========tomcat2========
worker.tomcat2.port=9009 #ajp13 端口号,在tomcat下server.xml配置,默认8009
worker.tomcat2.host=localhost #tomcat的主机地址,如不为本机,请填写ip地址
worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat2.lbfactor = 1 #server的加权比重,值越高,分得的请求越多
#========controller,负载均衡控制器========
worker.controller.type=lb
worker.controller.balance_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2 #指定分担请求的tomcat
worker.controller.sticky_session=false
6.修改tomcat配置文件server.xml
如果你在不同电脑上安装tomcat,tomcat的安装数量为一个,可以不必修改tomcat配置文件
我这里是在同一台电脑上安装两个tomcat,所以需要更改其中一个的设置
需要修改的端口配置:
(1)<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
改为
<Server port="9005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
(2)<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
改为
<Connector port="9080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
(3)<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
改为
<Connector port="9009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
7.编写测试jsp
(1)建立一个目录test.里面新建一个test.jsp,内容把test放到tomcat1的webapps下
<% System.out.println("==========================="); System.out.println(session.getAttribute("test")); session.setAttribute("test","Session");%><html> <body bgcolor="red"> <center> <h1>Tomcat 1</h1> </body></html>
(2)建立一个目录test.里面新建一个test.jsp,内容
<% System.out.println("==========================="); System.out.println(session.getAttribute("test")); session.setAttribute("test","Session");%><html> <body bgcolor="blue"> <center> <h1>Tomcat 2</h1> </body></html>
把test放到tomcat2的webapps下
8.启动apache,tomcat1,tomcat2,进行测试
通过 http://localhost/test/test.jsp 访问,
(apache默认端口是80,如上面的地址无法访问,说明apache没有配置成功或端口非80)
如果显示红色页面,表示tomcat1的处理结果;
如果显示蓝色页面,表示tomcat2的处理结果。
多刷新几次,发现两个颜色的页面轮流出现,实现了负载均衡。
查看tomcat1的窗口,可以看到打印了一行"=========="
再刷新一次,tomcat2也打印了一条,再刷新,可以看到请求会被tomcat1,tomcat2轮流处理,实现了负载均衡
至此,负载均衡设定完成。只配置负载均衡还不行,还要session复制,也就是说其中任何一个tomcat的添加的session,是要同步复制到其它tomcat, 集群内的tomcat都有相同的session。
第二部分,配置集群
1.修改tomcat1, tomcat2的server.xml
(1)大概在102行,有<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
修改一下,加上jvmRoute="tomcat1",
tomcat1 改完后:<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">
tomcat2 改完后:<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat2">
(2)大概在109行左右,<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>是被注释掉的。
在这段注释后面,加上下面的内容:
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8"> <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/> <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"> <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" bind="127.0.0.1" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/> <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="127.0.0.1" port="4000" <!-- tomcat2 修改一下,port="4002" --> autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="5000" maxThreads="6"/> <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"> <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender" timeout="60000" keepAliveCount="120000"/> </Sender> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/> </Channel> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=""/> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/> </Cluster>
2.修改测试项目test(两个test.jsp都改成一样就可以)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%><%@ page import="java.util.*"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><title>Cluster App Test</title></head><body >Server Info:<%out.println(request.getLocalAddr() + " : " + request.getLocalPort() + "<br>");%><%out.println("<br> ID " + session.getId() + "<br>");// 如果有新的 Session 属性设置String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");if (dataName != null && dataName.length() > 0) {String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue");session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);}out.print("<b>Session</b>");Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();while (e.hasMoreElements()) {String name = (String) e.nextElement();String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();out.println(name + " = " + value + "<br>");System.out.println(name + " = " + value);}%><form action="test.jsp" method="POST">name:<input type=textsize=20 name="dataName"> <br>value:<input type=text size=20 name="dataValue"> <br><input type=submit></form></body></html>
3.然后在test 新建WEB-INF目录,WEB-INF下新建web.xml,内容如下
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4"> <display-name>TomcatDemo</display-name> <distributable/></web-app>
4.将test复制到tomcat1,tomcat2的webapps下,重启apache,tomcat1,tomcat2
输入网址 http://localhost/test/test.jsp 就可以测试了
页面显示:
tomcat1后台显示:

tomcat2后台显示:
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